Programmed cell death plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and therapy ( Labi & Erlacher, 2015 Lee et al., 2018 Li et al., 2019). Therefore, developing new molecular subtypes that can guide therapy need to be considered. However, the functions of these molecular classifications in treatment decision-making remain unidentified in BCa. ![]() Thus, identifying molecular subtypes of BCa is necessary to reduce the rates of recurrence and metastasis.īased on gene expression, there are several types of molecular classifications, including TCGA ( Robertson et al., 2018), Baylor ( Mo et al., 2018), Lund ( Lindgren et al., 2010), UNC ( Damrauer et al., 2014), MDA ( Choi et al., 2014), CIT ( Rebouissou et al., 2014) and EUA ( Kamoun et al., 2020).These molecular classifications can distinguish the biological characteristics and prognosis of BCa patients among molecular subtypes. Currently, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy for treating BCa patients, tumor recurrence and metastasis remain the main cause of treatment failure and fatal survival outcomes. ![]() Based on muscle-invasive status, BCa is broadly classified into nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC, 75%) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC, 25%) with distinct treatments and prognosis ( Babjuk et al., 2022 Montironi et al., 2016 Witjes et al., 2021). The 2020 Global Cancer Statistics has reported that there were 573,278 new BCa patients worldwide, accounting for 3% of all newly diagnosed tumor patients 212,536 deaths from BCa, accounting for 2.1% of all patients died of tumor ( Sung et al., 2021). The cuproptosis-related prognosis signature is a useful biomarker that can reflect the prognosis, TME characteristics, immunotherapeutic response and chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility in BCa patients.īladder cancer (BCa) is an aggressive cancer characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis ( Babjuk et al., 2022 Witjes et al., 2021). Cuproptosis has an important role in the tumor progression and the characterization of TME in BCa. The dysregulation of cuproptosis-related genes expression levels was validated in multiple BCa cells using in vitro experiments. Low risk group patients had a favored prognosis and response to immunotherapy. The cuproptosis-related prognosis signature can divide patients into high- and low-risk groups with different prognoses, TME characteristics, chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility and immunotherapeutic response. Three cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes, with different prognoses and TME characteristics, were identified in BCa. Using BCa patients in the public cohort, the cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes and cuproptosis-related prognosis signature were developed. We aimed to explore the functions of the cuproptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and construct a cuproptosis-related prognosis signature in bladder cancer (BCa). ![]() Cuproptosis is a kind of cell death dependent on copper.
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